ASL Performers (02:05)

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Kasiem Walters performs at Busboys and Poets. Michai Hanley reflects on exposure to the Black Deaf ASL community. Facial expressions are a significant part of Black ASL.

Black ASL (02:32)

Sign language is not universal; Black ASL is one variety of the communication system. Signers cite various qualities and aspects.

The Roots of Variation (02:49)

Formal education and deaf schools for black community members begin to emerge after the Civil War. Segregated education leads to a different language. Carolyn McCaskill recalls struggling to understand teachers at a white deaf school and feeling embarrassed about her signs.

Signing Black (04:23)

Evon Black uses bigger motions when signing. In some ways, Black ASL is more traditional than White ASL. Signers reflect on sign form differences between older and younger generations; Dean Perry no longer learns Black signs.

Transformation (05:18)

Younger generations have unique African-American English expressions. Experts discuss vocabulary, gestural and behavioral tendencies, and facial expressions; geographical and social factors help create variety.

Code Switching (03:16)

Warren "Wawa" Snipe changes communication styles depending on his surroundings. Signers discuss perceptions of Black ASL and communicating in different environments.

Interpreting (04:37)

Candas Barnes explains aspects of interpreting ASL. Signers share stories of watching interpreters and church experiences. Catching cultural nuances is important.

Legacy (01:37)

Black ASL is rich in culture and history, and provides a sense of pride. Language is an expression of perseverance.

Credits: Signing Black in America (00:42)

Credits: Signing Black in America